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C. V. Subramanian ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, IN

Abstract

The classification of the Hyphomycetes is discussed with special reference to spore types conidiophore behaviour and initiation and development of spores. Eight basic morphological spore types are recognized : the blastospore, the gangliospore, the phialospore, the porospore, the arthrospore, the meristem-arthrospore, the spiculospore and the chlamydospore. No taxonomic significance is attached to the chlamydospore. It is pointed out that the forms now placed in the Mucedinaceae the Dematiaceae, the Tuberculariaceae and the Stilhaceae of Saccardo may be placed in six Families as suggested by the author earlier : (i) the Torulaceae (Type genus, Tonila Pers. ex Fries) for forms producing blastospores ; (ii) the Bactridiaceae (Type genus, Bactridium Kunze ex Fries) for those producing gangliospores ; (iii) the Tuberculariaceae (Type genus, Tubercularia Tode ex Fries) for those producing phialospores ; (iv) the Helminthosporiaceae (Type genus, Helminthosporium Link ex Fries) for those producing porospores ; (v) the Geotrichaceae (Type genus, Geotrichum Link ex Sacc.) for those producing arthrospores ; and (vi) the Coniosporiaceae (Type genus, Coniosporium Link ex Fries) for those producing meristem-arthrospores. The Families are subdivided into Sections on the basis of characters of the conidiophore related to spore initiation and development, the presence or absence and nature of "sporogenous cells", the presence or absence of "separating cells" and certain distinct modes of spore formation which are outlined. Twenty-four Sections are delimited and tentatively keyed out : thirteen in the Torulaceae, four in the Bactridiaceae, two each in the Tuberculariaceae the Helminthosporiaceae and the Geotrichaceae, and one in the Coniosporiaceae. A separate Section is provisionally suggested for forms producing spiculospores. Typical examples of genera for each Section are given together with illustrations. Some of the difficulties still requiring solution are mentioned, including those relating to speculations about the classification of the Hyphomycetes vis-a-vis their perfect stages so far as known. It is emphasized that critical and thorough studies on generic types inadequately or imperfectly understood are an urgent necessity.

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C. V. Subramanian ¹

Affiliations
1 A-8, Damayanthi Apartments, 17 South Mada Street, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600 034, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Baldev Raj ¹, C. V. Subramanian ¹

Affiliations
1 Division for PIE & NDT Development, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, IN

Abstract

Non-destructive Testing (NDT) is an integral and the most important constituent of the Quality Assurance (QA) programme of any industry. The objectives of the QA programmes are safety, reliability and economy. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) places due emphasis on characterisation of material including quantitative determination of the size, shape and location of a defect or anomaly thus enabling evaluation of structural integrity of a component.

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Baldev Raj ¹, C. V. Subramanian ¹

Affiliations
1 Division for Post-Irradiation Examination and NDT Development, IN

Abstract

Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, India, is engaged in multidisciplinary R&D efforts in welding technology relevant to Fast Breeder Reactor Programme of the Country. R&D efforts initiated in the year 1974 have matured into groups with strong scientific and technological base in areas of design, processes and characterisation through complementary use of destructive and nondestructive test techniques.

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C. V. Subramanian ¹, Baldev Raj ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Welding, IN

Abstract

Welding is an important means to fabricate structures and components from a wide spectrum of materials, of varied complexity and thickness ranges. Welds can be made with properties appropriate for service conditions. The requisite quality can be achieved based on adequate and appropriate testing, measurement and control of welds.

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C. V. Subramanian ¹, N. Ramachandran ¹, S. Senthamil Kumar2 ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Architecture, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur - 613403, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur - 613403, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To design and construct a contemporary residential building in warm and humid climate of Thanjavur with solar passive architecture concepts that can make the building thermally comfortable like traditional buildings. Methods/ Analysis: Solar passive architecture concepts and principles are used in traditional buildings worldwide. Thermal performances of such traditional buildings are well within the comfort range as prescribed by thermal comfort standards. But in most of the contemporary buildings, the indoor environmental conditions and thermal comfort are unsatisfactory due to improper design. Hence an attempt has been made to design and construct a contemporary residential building with solar passive designs. Thermal performance analysis is carried out during summer in the designed building and is compared with another contemporary house. Findings: The study on designed solar passive house indicates that improved performance can be achieved by combining the lessons learnt from traditional buildings by incorporating solar passive techniques that can bring indoor temperatures down enough for comfortable indoor environment to the occupants. It is observed that the temperature of the designed solar passive building is 2ºC to 3ºC cooler in summer in comparison with the contemporary building. It is evident from the study that design of building plays a major role to save energy which in turn gives an impact on national and global economy. These design findings can be applied further to contemporary residences in any context with reference to its local climate. Novelty/Improvement: Ten solar passive architecture strategies have been incorporated in the designed building which include orientation and planning, courtyard design, light coloured painting, white roofing tiles, shading elements, solar chimney and sky light, cross ventilation, landscaping, roof level ventilators and high ceiling roof.

Keywords

Contemporary Buildings, Solar Passive Architecture, Thermal Comfort Standards, Warm-Humid Climate

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